Necessity of Providing Comprehensive Legal Frameworks in the Iranian Legal System to Protecting the Security of Land and deeds Registration Systems against Cyber Threats

Namamian, Peyman

doi:10.22106/rlr.2025.2068475.1118

Necessity of Providing Comprehensive Legal Frameworks in the Iranian Legal System to Protecting the Security of Land and deeds Registration Systems against Cyber Threats

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Peyman Namamian

Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Arak University, Arak, Iran

10.22106/rlr.2025.2068475.1118

Abstract

Given the rapid advancement of digital technologies and the expansion of threats arising from cybercrimes, there is an urgent need for providing comprehensive and up-to-date legal frameworks within the Iranian legal system, particularly to protect the land registration systems against such threats. These registration systems, as critical infrastructures and the official reference for property information, are always at risk from complex threats such as unauthorized access, document forgery, and targeted cyberattacks, which could jeopardize individuals' property rights and the credibility of notarial deeds. Regulations such as the Computer Crimes Law and despite the existence of the National Data and Information Management Law, are not equipped to counter modern and complex threats, nor do they align with international standards. Therefore, the formulation of comprehensive and up-to-date legal frameworks capable of safeguarding sensitive information and protecting digital property rights is an undeniable necessity. These frameworks should address emerging cyber threats, technological developments, and the need for alignment with international standards, with the establishment of independent and appropriate judicial and executive bodies to oversee and implement these laws.

Keywords

Cyber Threats

Land and deeds Registration Systems

Data Protection

Cybersecurity

Digital Property Rights